Wednesday, June 17, 2020

Book Review in Somali - HOW THE WORLD WORKS

Buuga la yidhaa 'How the world works' ee uu qoray NOAM CHOMSKY waa buug aad u xiiso badan runtiina ay ku fiican tahay in ay akhriyaan ardayda barata xidhiidhka caalamiga iyo diplomaasiyadda. Waxa laga yaabaa inaad mararka qaar ku dawakhdo arrimo isu kaa qaban waaya oo aad ka aragto saxaafadda caalamiga ah, ninkii weerarka qaadayay oo sheeganaya waxaa wax ka duwan, cid aad u aragto in ay xaq ku taagan tahay oo aan arrimaheeda cidiba dheg u dhigayn 'Qaramada Middobayna' dhehoo, waddan nabad ah dimuqraadi ah oo aan cidiba hansal siinayn, waddan inqilaab militari ka dhacay oo haddana dowladaha reer galbeedku aad u amaanayaan oo weliba kab dhaqaale iyo deymo badan siinayaan; Sidaa marka ay tahay, haddii aad buugan akhrido waxa aad fahmi doontaa wax badan oo hadda kaa daahsoon iyo in sharcigu yahay ninka xoogga weyni waxa uu rabo haba khaldanaado, danta uu doono na ha ka lahaado.


Ninka odayga ah ee qoray buugu waa khabiir aad ilaa aad ugu xeel dheer sida adduunka loo macaamilo gaar ahaan dhaqaalaha iyo siyaasadda oo aan marnaba kala maarmin iyo shanta qaaradood iyo waxyaabaha kala duwan ee ka dhacaya.
Aan ku horeeyo hordhaca buuga kuna dheeraan maayee NOAM CHOMSKY waa nin reer maraykan ah oo lagu sifeeyay qaabka falsafaddiisa inuu kusoo xigi karo dadka magacyadoodu kala yihiin Marx, Lenin, Shakespeare, Plato.
Buuggani waxa uu ka kooban yahay afar buug oo muddooyin kala duwan uu isla qoraagu qoray oo maadaama ay yihiin kuwa is-qaadan kara laga dhigay hal buug (volume) oo wada socda. Waxa uu u habaysan yahay buugu qaab su'aal iyo jawaab ah oo ninka weriyaha ah ee layidhaa David Barsamian uu kolba su'aal weydiinayo qoraaguna uga jawaabayo qaab xirfadaysan isaga oo aan carabaabayn waxyaabo la odhan karo waa sir ay dawladuhu ku qabsan karaan haddana sida wax u jiraan soo koobaya isaga oo inta badan soo xiganaya dad kale oo caan ah iyo qoraaladooda ama waraysiyo ay bixiyeen.
Afarta buug-yare ee halkan la isugu keenay waxa la kala yidhaa:

1.     What Uncle Sam Really Wants

2.     The Prosperous Few and The Restless Many

3.     Secrets, Lies and Democracy

4.     The Common Good.

Haddaba, anoo soo koobaya afartaa qeybood mid waliba nuxurka uu koobsanayo oo guudmar ah ayaa sidan u dhigan:

Qeybta (ama buug-yaraha) ugu horeeya 'How the world works' ama 'Sida Adduunku u Shaqeeyo' waa buug-yaraha layidhaa 'What Uncle Sam Really wants' ama 'Adeero Sam muxu dhab u rabaa? Adeero Sam waa kuma? Adaa sheegi haddii aad si fiican u akhrido-na waad fahmi doontaa anigu se kuu sii sheegi maayo!

Laga yaabe inaad maqashay, waddan'na ma samaysto 'Siyaasad Arrimo Dibadeed' haddii aanu lahayn cadaw ama dano kaga xidhan cid waddankiisa ka baxsan sida jaarkiisa soke iyo kuwo shisheba. Arrimaha xiisaha leh ee qaybtan laga akhriyi karo waxa ka mid ah siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Marakaynka (US Foreign Policy) iyo waxyaabaha aasaaska u ah oo inta badan cid u kuur gasha mooyee aanay inta badan dadka badankoodu fahmi karin cidda fahantaana ay keliya ogaato balse aanay wax saamayn ah ku yeelan karin haddii shanqadh laga maqlona sanka loo dalooliyo sidii lo'da iyadoo halhaleelaysana wixii laga rabay u qabato sidii ay ahayd.

Waxa kale oo Noam uu kaga sheekaynayaa si Adeero Sam u gaadho wuxu rabo uu ka geysto dhibaatooyin badan waddamada dibadda sidaa si lamid ahna gudaha arrimo badan ka jiraan sida la dagaalanka daroogada, aqoon darada ladagaalanka sirdoonada waddamada kale sida China iyo Russia; iyadoo sidaa ay tahayna ay muhimadda koowaad tahay in adduunka ka baxsan saamayn balaadhan lagu yeesho dagaal iyo dimuqraadiyad labadaba - intaasoo la isku xooray mustaqbalka sideebay u eekayssinayaan - Noam Chomsky ayaa ka sheekeynaya.


Qebta (ama buug-yaraha) labaad ee 'The Prosperous Few & The Restless Many' ama 'Inta yar ee dheregtay iyo Inta badan ee hiiftaamaysa' oo macnaheedu yahay in aan marnaba adduunka aanay ka jirin caddalad oo meel kasta dhaqaaluhu inyar ku urursanyahay inta badanina ay shaqo iyo daal la hiiftaamayso si ay nolol u sameeyaan. Qeybtani waa qeybta uu qoraagu ku xusayo Somalia gaar ahaan hawlgalkii Maraykanka iyo Qaramada Midoobay ka fuliyeen sannadihii 1992 - 1995 halkaasi oo ay xogo muhiim ahi ku qoran yihiin - Somalia miyaa loo soo gurmaday si loo caawiyo mise dano kale oo lamid ah kuwa laga soo yeeshay addunka kale sida Chile, Ecuador, Salvador, Vietnam iwm ayuumbaa iyana laga lahaa.
Tibaaxaha muhiimka ah ee casriganna la isticmaalo in badan aad ka maqli karto idaacadaha iyo faalooyinka ay weriyeyaashu tabiyaan ayaa iyaguna ku xusan qeybtan sida "Food & Third World, Divide & Conquer, Roots of Racism Vs Class'.


Qeybta (ama buug-yaraha) Sadexaad waxa layidhaa 'Secrets, Lies and Democracy' ama 'Falgalka arrimaha sirta ah ee aan la sheegin beentana lagu meel mariyo'! oo ay dimuqraadiyaddu ka mid tahay, qeybtan oo sheekooyin badan oo kala duwani ku qoran yihiin haddana waxaan kasoo qaadanayaa in kooban oo khuseysa 'Democracy' oo dhegaha inta badan kusoo noqnoqota oo ah sidan hoose:


"The doctrinal meaning of democracy refers to a system in which decisions are made by sectors of business community and related elites. The public are to be only "spectators of action" not "participants," as leading democratic theorists have explained. They are permitted to ratify the decisions of their betters and to lend their support to one or another of them but not to interfere with the matters - like public policy - that are non of their business (Excerpt from the Book - How the world works)".

Qebta (buug-yaraha) afraad uguna dambeeya 'How the world works' ayaa la yidhaa 'The Common Good' ama Samaanta Guud ama Daryeelka Guud oo aad macnihiisa kusoo dhawaysan karto - equality (sinaan), media (saxaafad), freedom (xoriyad), voting (codayn ama kala doorasho), resistance and its causes (wax iska caabin iyo waxa sababa), manufacturing (wax-soo-saar), globalization (caalamiyayn iyo in waxii la isaga baahdo la kala iibsado, la kala dhaco, la kala baryo, la isu abaal dhigto);
Buug-yarahan oo markii u horeysay la daabacay 1998 ayaa faahfaahinaya 'Samaha Guud' amaba ma jiri karaa waddan ka shaqayn kara danaha waddan kale, haa, waa haddii uu soo dhamaystiray dhamaan baylahdii ka jirtay gudihiisa, weligeedna ma dhacdo. Taasaa isugu soo ururaysa ma jirto cid wadda cid kale danteed laakiin waxa ay rabtaa cid kastaa inay teeda kordhisato ama ugu yaraan awrkeedii oo kici waayay lala kiciyo.

Ugu dambayn waxaan kusoo gebogabaynayaa, guudmarkan kooban ee buuga layidhaa 'How the World Works' arrin xiiso leh oo ah: Waddamada adduunka waa lakala xoog weyn yahay inta xoogga waaweyni waxa ay kala ishaaqsadeen inta bilaa tamarta ah; markaa waddamada aan awooda lahayni waa inay u hogaansamaan rabitaanka kuwa xooga waaweyn haddii kale waa 'Khalli Walli' - The threat of good example ama nuxurkii heestii soomaaliga ahayd ee Xasan Waddo (reer Jabuuti) uu qaadi jiray ayaa meesha ka dhacaysa iyadoo meelo kala duwan la isu soo maro - mucaarad la isku hubeeyo, afgambi la abaabulo, ama in kabaha la isulasoo galo oo ciidan yaacayaa waddankaa daf yidhaa sidii Vietnam iyo Iraq.

“Wankayga Caddoow ha naaxin;

“Baruurtu wadkaaga weeyee!”

Dhamaad!

Waxa qoray Samatar Ahmed | samatar.gahayr@gmail.com | Hargeisa

 

 


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